Your Komsomol card

P. Zolin, Ph.D.

The museums of the country, in the rooms of combat and labor glory, the archives are often priceless historical documents. Among them a special place is occupied by the party, Komsomol and Pioneer tickets. Covers many darkened by time and sweat, punched the kulak and the Nazi bullets, fragments of enemy shells, covered with blood.

The history of our country's history is reflected in the membership cards. What we know about them? At a time when revolutionary organizations were strictly conspiratorial, membership cards did not exist. In the few groups of people knew each other in person, assessed their membership in unions, in particular cases.

The first party cards appeared in 1905 in St. Petersburg, Krasnoyarsk, Minsk and several other organizations of the party. These are small cards made of thick paper with a stamp, and number of Committee of the RSDLP. Sometimes even the last name and the Bolshevik district, which was issued a ticket. On the reverse side of the printed text is often the first paragraph of the Charter Party. And only in the spring of 1917 after leaving the underground offices of the Central Committee of the RSDLP (b) has decided to introduce unified membership cards. They are produced locally, so different from one another format, color, and even content. After the Great October Revolution, they have become more diverse.

For example, a membership card, issued in 1919, the political department of the 4th Army Eastern Front, the Front Commander Mikhail Frunze, was a pocket-sized booklet. It contained information about the owner, the time of entry into the party and the issuance of the document, the data on the payment of dues. Signed ticket military head of the political section of the front.

In 1920 a single example of party card had 33 pages and contains detailed information about the social situation, c, confidentiality and work member of the RCP (B.), his participation in the party organization, carrying out orders, movements. For the first time required a photo and signature of the owner.

Two years later, this version has been simplified. The ticket were only basic information about its owner and a notice for payment of contributions. But other data indicated in the personal file. The party ticket for the 1922 model number 114482 was issued to Vladimir Ilyich. This is the last in his lifetime membership card of Lenin.

And after four years instead of the personal files of index cards were Obed. During the exchange of party documents for the membership card number 0000001 to address Zamoskvoreche District Committee of the CPSU (b) in Moscow March 16, 1927 i was issued in the name of Lenin. This ticket is stored in the Central Party Archives of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism. Sample on the ticket in 1973 for the first time an image of Vladimir Lenin. This document is valid and the party today.

Approval of the party ticket in the life of the party gave impetus to the emergence of the first pioneer and Komsomol membership documents. This is natural: the young are always focused on seniors.

It is hard to imagine, but there were pioneering tickets. Often they were pioneers in the implementation of the mandates of responsible assignments. For example, in one of the Young Pioneers squad tickets at the Central Club of printers in Moscow pointed out that the ticket bearer Kudinov Fedoseevich Boris is a member of the Pioneer patrol. Bi-years head of the order signed by his assistant. It is date-January 1, 1923

Appearance of the first membership cards and certificates union members working and peasant youth refers to summer 1917 they released each organization, as it could: painted on cardboard, printed on a typewriter, published in the print shop. Therefore, tickets for a given number of youth union members in Petrograd and Moscow, Ukraine and the Urals, and many other places.

The party, Komsomol, Pioneers tickets appeared in the Soviet Union had passports, introduced in 1932, the young people often had joined the party, and then - in the Youth Union. So, Peter Smorodin, which had a membership card number 39 of Socialist Working Youth Union in May 1917 joined the Bolshevik Party, and in August - in the Youth League. In the days of October he fought for Soviet power in the Red Guard units. And at the IV Congress of the Komsomol Central Committee elected the first secretary of the Komsomol.

In the first years of Soviet power were able to establish uniformity of tickets in the provinces and regions. For example, a ticket to Moscow Komsomol-ray was a little book with the letters "Komsomol" diagonally. In the upper left corner of the icon image was placed on the expanded banner letters - KSM, this was a prototype of the future Komsomol badge. The title page had a picture: the girl in the working apron, the banner on the background of the factories and the call: "Workers of all countries, unite". Number recorded in issuing the ticket.

On the inside pages were printed excerpts from a speech by Lenin at the III Congress of the Komsomol, put "What's the youth movement" clauses of the Charter of the Komsomol Komsomol's debt, its role and place in the new society. Set aside to mark pages for payment of dues, and report cards, calendars.

Despite the diversity of the time tickets are a lot of similarities. Most of them were such graphs as "Sabbathians and Sundays," texts, recall events of international importance and an international duty members of the Komsomol, the mark on the payment of sponsorship fee or contribution for defense on the construction stvo Navy to fight the homeless children, voluntary contributions to the young of the Soviet Union. Be sure to present a graph, "Military training": each member of the Komsomol was ready to defend their homeland.

Back in 1919 the Central Committee of Komsomol Komsomol members tried to re-register. It was decided to print the forms, and 50 thousand tickets for the Young Communist League of the provincial committees, which have not been able to make. In the fully implement his plan, but failed. Together with members of the Komsomol membership card and usually get a rifle with ammunition. And returning from the battlefield, not all - so consider each was difficult.

In early 1921 the Central Committee of Komsomol decided to take as a basis for the entire sample ticket Petrograd Komsomol Komsomol organization. After the V congress of Komsomol widely expected to introduce a new, unified form of provincial pogubernskoy ticket with numbering. But to do this could not everywhere.

In 1924, Pioneer and Komsomol organizations have received the name of Lenin. The need for a uniform for all documentation has been enhanced. In October 1924 the Central Committee decides to hold RLKSM before August 1 of next year re-registration of Komsomol members and the exchange of membership cards. We introduce a new ticket with a cover of brown cardboard. On the inner pages of them disappeared records describing the Komsomol, poetry, report cards, calendars, but there were excerpts from a speech by Lenin at the III Congress of the Komsomol, the Charter of the manifest and RLKSM VI Congress. Indicated the most necessary personal data, the ticket number to be affixed vnutrigubernskomu counting.

The main thing was that on the cover of an image of Lenin. Since then the name of the leader and his portrait are present on all the Young Communist League tickets. On the ticket in 1925 was the inscription: "The Russian Leninist Communist Union of Youth. Section of the Young Communist International. " This idea is reflected in the Komsomol icon.

During the first five in the country unfolded a huge industrial building. Of course, not all targets were achieved, but the country is renewed before our eyes. Young people brought up in a spirit of boundless faith in the wisdom of the Party, in the ideals of socialism. This often prevented young men and women look at life objectively, to see the gap between word and deed, the general atmosphere of suspicion, begins to take shape in the country.

But the blame for the millions of young people is impossible. They blindly believed in the triumph of socialism, and this belief worked wonders.

Hundreds of thousands of young people come to new places. When the Komsomol had to register, it turned out that the membership cards and certificates are different, the most arbitrary numbering of tickets and registration cards did not exist. Many tickets poiznosilis, and part was issued before the renaming in 1926 RLKSM in the Komsomol.

Komsomol Central Committee in February 1929 provided for the introduction of a unified all-union Komsomol ticket with numbering. The exchange was carried out after thorough training in 1932 in the course of its new tickets received 3 million scouts. Tickets are now produced only in Moscow, was a single numbering and imprinted directly into the card.

It was a small book with a cover of a solid light brown cardboard with Lenin's profile. On each page shows the Order of Red Banner - an award which was awarded the Young Communist League in 1928, new owners of Feelings tickets Komsomol 20's. Well conveyed the words of one of them:

"I am party to these accomplishments, I - Komsomolets, and together with all the treasure now, and its bricks in building five-year period. In my ticket is printed a portrait of Lenin, and now I'm even more to feel Leninist. On my ticket shows the order, which was awarded the Young Communist League. Hence, for me now is the reflection of the Order of battle, and I should behave so as to be worthy of the award of the Lenin Komsomol. "

Six years operated a ticket sample 1932 Several thousand new plants were built by members of the Komsomol, nosivshimi his chest. He glorified Stakhanovites records and achievements of Soviet scientists and athletes.

In 1938, the Young Communist League held a regular exchange of documents. On the cover was a steel-gray silhouette Added Vladimir Lenin. The title page shows the Order of Red Banner of Labor Red Banner, who was awarded the Young Communist League in 1931

This ticket differed greater severity. It had counts only for the necessary information and was given first place for photography. In 1939 he completed an exchange of tickets for all organizations, the Komsomol.

New membership ticket had the unique role in the history of the Komsomol. It was a warrior and a ticket, and ticket-worker. It is associated with about three years before the war impact of labor with him tried by the exploits of Young Communists during the Great Patriotic War. With this ticket was restored after the war economy.

In the war years, knowing that they could die, Komsomol members are often written on their tickets oath of loyalty to the Motherland. Some of these tickets are now stored in museums - pierced by bullets, covered with blood.

Komsomol ticket number 0198509. He belonged to Timur Frunze, the son of the legendary commander. It is inscribed: "He died a hero's death fighting for their homeland. He was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. "

Seasoned pilots 161 th Fighter Regiment, where he arrived on Timur Frunze, was well understood by the impatience with which awaited the young combat flight lieutenant. The first aircraft he shot down an enemy January 15, 1942, along with the pilot AI Shutov during the fighting in Staraya Russa. And then there was another fight. January 19, they were covered with IV Shutov advancing part of the 11th Army. East of Staraya Russa, finding four "Messerschmitt", entered the fray. To aid the enemy flew three more fighters. Timur brought down one of them. But the plane was shot down by Shutov. Frunze covered it out of the fight, but he was in the crosshairs of enemy sight.

He was buried a hero in the city of Novgorod Krestcy on the ground. In March 1942, TM Frunze, was posthumously awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union. In 1944 his remains were moved to Moscow, the Novodevichy cemetery (ashes of his father rests beside the Kremlin wall).

On the other heroes of the documents - Alexander Matrosov, Zoe Kosmodemyanskoy their peers - the book recounts JS Root and T. A. Liashenko "Komsomol ticket" (Wiley, 1986), but, of course, for the pages of this little book there were many important facts.

Deed, such a feat A. Matrosov, during the Great Patriotic War flew about 300 Soviet soldiers. The first of these was the AK Pankratov, a junior political officer of the 28th Division. August 24, 1941 in the Kirillov monastery near Novgorod, he shut his body in the embrasure of the wall from which an enemy machine gun beat. The hero was 24 years old.

Membership cards before the war had a sample of more than 48 million scouts.

In 1956 it was decided to hold the next exchange. In the new sample ticket was the cover of dark-red leatherette, and his inner sheets are made of special paper pale pink. In 1961, the Young Communist League on the banner shone fifth award - the Order of Lenin.

On the proposal of the Central Committee of Komsomol Komsomol ticket appeared in the images of five orders. Silhouette of Vladimir Lenin has been replaced with a bas-relief image. Membership cards were printed in Russian and national languages ​​of each country.

Komsomol ticket number 02959544 was issued by Yuri Gagarin. Now stored at the Museum of the Star City space. At the same time received a ticket for Nadia Kurchenko and Anatoly freezing. And thousands of other members of the Komsomol, which left the 60-ies. good memory of their deeds and feats.

The new exchange documents held in the Young Communist League 1967 Tickets with bas-relief of Vladimir Ilyich on the bright red cover and a picture of the five orders, which was awarded the Young Communist League, on the front page more than 23 million boys and girls.

Nadezhda Kurchenko not yet turned 20 years old when she barred the way to the armed bandits, bursting into the cockpit pilots of passenger aircraft AN-24. The feat marked Komsomol military Order of the Red Banner. People are flowers at the monument to the park hoping to Sukhumi.

The ticket Anatolia Merzlova note: "He was killed during the rescue of agricultural machinery and crops in 1972." Year is very hot. It happened on Ryazanschine. Anatoly worked for the stacking of straw. Rick broke out, the fire spread to standing nearby tractor. The flames could cover the entire field. Eighteen Komsomolets ran into a fight with fire ...

Ticket sample in 1975 were already 40 million scouts.

Cover red - the colors of the flag of the revolution and the country. The cover portrait of Vladimir Lenin, the top of the call: "Workers of all countries, unite". But the name of the union republic Komsomol organization was withdrawn.

In the union republics for data about a member of the Komsomol had two cover sheets. One was filled with the Russian, the other - the national language. In the ticket - the image is already six medals, which was awarded the Young Communist League. This austere book and today is a personal document Komsomolets.

Membership of the document M. Frost has a number 05,840,360. On the title page the inscription: "I brought from the field of combat missile, took trouble on the people gave their lives." How did this happen? Komsomol members of the pedagogical school Orsha Vitebsk region assisted the farm to clean potatoes. Suddenly, on a vibrating table combine with tubers hit by a shell that was hidden from the time of the war. Michael, do not hesitate, grabbed him and carried him into the den, away from people. A shell exploded. The young man was posthumously awarded the military Order of the Red Star. His name was inscribed in the Book of Honor of the Komsomol Central Committee of Youth and Belarus. The feat he performed in 1977, seventeen.

And how many feats of arms in the account of soldiers-internationalists! That's the only one of them.

When the commandos fought their way ... finally to a large boulder, which had just exploded a grenade, they saw Chmurova. Igor was lying motionless on the snow were burning a spot of blood.

Came to the rescue soldiers tried to turn Chmurova back. Make it does not succeed. Потом сообразили: в вытянутых руках Игоря — пулемет, он железной хваткой сжимал его, как бы продолжая вести огонь.

Ни взводный, ни те, кто был рядом с ним в ту минуту, такого еще не видели: человек, в котором едва теплилась жизнь, окровавленный, крепко держал свое оружие.

...Десантники роты старшего лейтенанта А. Пескова блокировали ущелье, в котором бандиты создали опорную базу с большим запасом оружия, боеприпасов и продовольствия. Воспользовавшись снегопадом и туманом, душманы предприняли попытку выбить советских воинов с занимаемых позиций. Got into a fight. В ходе его крупные силы душманов атаковали позиции соседней роты. Возникла критическая ситуация. Песков с двумя взводами выдвинулся на помощь соседям, оставив на господствующей высоте группу прикрытия, в которой был и Чмуров. Обнаружив заслон, противник попытался захватить высоту. Но взвод атаку отбил. Душманы, используя выгодную ситуацию, ринулись в очередную атаку. Кинжальный пулеметный огонь остановил их. У пулемета был Чмуров. Тогда на позицию воина душманы обрушили шквал огня. Пулемет замолк. Осмелев, бандиты поднялись в атаку. Но снова огонь пулемета заставил их отойти.

Душманы изменили тактику, пошли с разных сторон. Раненный в бедро Игорь развернул пулемет и вновь открыл огонь. Когда душманы приблизились, Чмуров забросал их гранатами. И тут силы оставили солдата.

В этот момент и подоспели товарищи. Они нашли Игоря, который расстрелял боезапас до последнего патрона.

...Потом был медицинский батальон. Борьба врачей за здоровье солдата.

А потом был приказ по части об увольнении. Прощание с друзьями, офицерами, со знаменем.

Уезжал теперь уже гвардии младший сержант не домой, а в училище. Там и застала его счастливая весть: за мужество и героизм, проявленные при оказании интернациональной помощи афганскому народу в деле защиты завоеваний Апрельской революции, младший сержант И. В. Чмуров удостоен звания Героя Советского Союза (См.: Правда. 1986. 27 мая.).

...Залитый кровью комсомольский билет В. Красильникова друзья привезли в родной город Ровно. Двадцатидвухлетний лейтенант десантных войск В. Красильников пал смертью храбрых, личным примером увлекая солдат в атаку на опорный пункт душманов. За тот бой он был посмертно награжден орденом Красного Знамени.

Но есть и другие примеры.

В некоторых городах выявлены небольшие группы «неформалов», которые ради выгоды продают иностранцам наши святыни и символы. В ход идут советские флаги, гербы, комсомольские значки... И шинели советских воинов, маскировочные куртки, пилотки. В особом «почете» — голубые береты воздушно-десантных войск. Ремни, погоны, шевроны, воинские знаки обмениваются на сигареты, ручки, спиртное. Есть предприниматели и пионерского возраста. Об этом писала «Комсомольская правда» 21 июня 1988 г. Это известно и по другим изданиям, по многим фактам реальной жизни.

What to do? Do not go there as early as the exchange and membership cards?

The document itself is defenseless. His holiness and honor - the honor and righteousness, all of us. This is not just a piece of paper, printed printing machine, and the personal character of each member of the Komsomol. The sign of his involvement in the great common cause of socialism, to the glorious history of the Young Communist League and its heroic traditions. Perhaps this 'rant' from which we are tired. But the Young Communist League - the socio-political organization. And everyone (at least for now) to think about before you write: "Please accept the ranks of the Young Communist League ..." By these words should be signed only to those who are ready now to continue Lenin's work, to fight the conciliatory attitude toward the phrase-mongering, inertia, routine, any attempt to replace the restructuring of our lives in small improvements and empty chatter. Calls to the Komsomol ticket activity on the deed. It requires a careful attitude. Respect and pride. The right to the ticket must always be backed by personal achievements.

In the Young Communist League has a good tradition - to leave the membership card and registration card to the owner on memory for active work. It must keep talking about it with the school years. Next to the orders and medals and other relics of Soviet families are carefully kept membership cards, Komsomol and Pioneer icons. In the life of the party, Komsomol, Pioneers are many difficulties and disadvantages are known. But you can not lose all the value that this life was, is and will be. A Komsomol card - is the symbol and the glorious deeds of the Young Communist League, and is now coming of the revolutionary renewal of the country. Current students will be proud to show it to your children and grandchildren.

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